Superconductor

Superconductor is one of the most fascinating features in physics. This concept allows a bullet train to float a few milimetre on its rail, causes less friction to make it moves at 'super' speed. However we're unlucky coz in SPM we wont study abt it in detail.If u wanna pursue your career in electronis,electrical or mechanical engineering.. i think its good to be exposed about it as early as possible.


To understand superconductor, u must understand the word conductor itself. Conductor is like a wire which can conduct electricity. Usually a wire has resistance. Resistance comes from the word, 'resist'..i.e it resists the flow of electrons or current. Different wires has different resistance.But bear in mind, not all conductors are wires.


So..how about superconductors?? 


Under low temperature, the resistance of a conductor decreases. But under extremely low temperature, some conductors has almost NO resistance...i.e it has ZERO resistance. If this condition is achieved, the conductor now has transformed itself into Superman :) ops!!...it supposed to be SUPERCONDUCToR.


Kalau nak senang faham..bayangkan superconductor ni mcm sebatang highway ..
Tapi katakanlah highway tu sekarang bapak u yang punya :)
So bila hari raya, disebabkan highway PLUS tu bapak kita yang punya. So kalau u jalan kat highway tu takde siapa pun yg nak kacau..takde traffic jam..takde polis...i.e takde apa2 halangan. Kalau u nak main skateboard kat situ pun boleh :) 
Senang citer kita kata highway tu takde "resistance". (ZERO RESISTANCE)


Kalau nak tau lebih detail pasal superconductor ..Wajib tgk video2 ni!!

SPM 2009 Results

Congratulations to 214 Creme de la creme  who got straight A+. .. 

Congratulations  to those among 7987 who got straight 'A's..

Congrats to those who got A+,A or A- for their physics..

Congrats also tho those who have shown improvement in their physics & other subjects..

Congrats also to all my students loyal physics4spm.com visitors who i believed have given their best in last SPM...

Nevertheless..for those who feels down..what ever your results..the long journey has just begun..

Succes in life is not a destination,but continuous journey that never ends...

Success is  how u bounce back when u hit bottom...


Success is going from failure to failure without loosing your enthusiasm..


And along this journey, some mistakes are bound to happen. If you want to make things happen in future,the ability to motivate yourself is a must. U can only achieve this if u have courage to learn from  mistakes. Always  think positive and have a good faith in yourself and God Al Mighty. 
Wish u all the best in near future..

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7,987 SPM Candidates Excel

PUTRAJAYA, March 11 (Bernama) -- 7,987 Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) 2009 candidates registered excellent results (A+, A, and/or A-) for all subjects sat for compared to 6,277 in 2008.


Education director-general Tan Sri Alimuddin Mohd Dom said of the total 214 candidates had excellent grades (A+) in accordance with the new grading implemented last year.


He said the new top grade was introduced as a higher grade than 1A to further detail a candidate's excellence.


"I am glad to announce that on the whole the achievements of the candidates this time is something to be proud of, exceeding the achievements of last year.


"The achievements of the candidates increased from the aspect of numbers obtaining excellent certificates (A+, A and/or A-) and passing all subjects sat for," he said when announcing the analyses for the SPM and Sijil Tinggi Agama Malaysia (STAM) 2009 examinations at the Education Ministry here Thursday.


He said 465,853 candidates registered for exams last year.


Alimuddin said of the 59,433 private candidates and candidates of private schoolS and agency-sponsored schools besides the Education Ministry, 41 candidates had excellent grades (A+).


He also announced that Gladys Tan Yee Kim from Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan (SMK) Green Road, Kuching, Sarawak was the best student for SPM 2009 and Sekolah Menengah Sains Seremban, Negeri Sembilan as the best school.


He said of the 10 best students the other nine were Grace Kiew Sze-Ern (SMK (P) Sri Aman, Petaling Jaya, Selangor); Khadijah Ahmad Jais (SM Agama Persekutuan Labu, Negeri Sembilan); Akmal Hidayat Sabri (SMK Derma, Kangar, Perlis); Syamilah Mahali (Kolej Tunku Kurshiah Seremban, Negeri Sembilan); Lee Wei Ling (SMK Taman Melawati, Selangor); Nur Syuhadah Muhamad (SM Sains Tengku Muhammad Faris Petra, Kota Bharu, Kelantan); Lai Yin Kwin (SMK Tinggi Melaka, Melaka); Corinne Gunn Huey Min (SMK Taman Melawati, Selangor); and Hu May Khei (SMK Convent, Taiping, Perak).


He said the other nine best schools were Kolej Islam Sultan Alam Shah, Klang, Selangor; Sekolah Berasrama Penuh Integrasi (SBPI) Gombak, Jalan Sungai Pusu, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur; Sekolah Tun Fatimah, Johor Bahru, Johor; Sekolah Menengah Sains Alam Shah, Kuala Lumpur; SBPI Rawang, Selangor; Sekolah Menengah Sains Muar, Johor; SBPI Temerloh, Pahang; SMK Infant Jesus Convent, Johor Bahru, Johor and Kolej Tunku Kurshiah Seremban, Negeri Sembilan.


Alimuddin said of the 406,420 Education Ministry candidates who sat for the exam, 364,046 (90.8 per cent) obtained the SPM certificate compared to 347,443 (90.8 per cent) in 2008.


"Eventhough the percentage is the same there has been an increase in the number of candidates of 16,603. The achievement is stable as the previous year.


He said 199,155 (49.6 per cent) candidates passed all subjects taken compared to 181,419 (47.4 per cent) last year.


He said of that total 68,131 (17 per cent) had at least grade C for all subjects compared to 60,902 (15.9 per cent) in 2008.


"This achievement shows a good increase. However, the number of candidates who failed or obtained G grade increased, that is 4,626 (1.15 per cent) in 2009 compared to 2,589 (0.67 per cent) in 2008," he said.


Alimuddin said 538 candidates who had special needs for various disabilities sat for the 2009 SPM exam compared to 481 candidates in 2008 and of that number 251 (51.9 per cebt) obtained the SPM certificate compared to 208 (47.8 per cent) in 2008.


He said two candidates with impaired eyesight got four A+, three As and four A- for 11 subjects sat for and one had four A+, three As and three A- for 10 subjects sat for.


"Two more candidates with various handicaps did very well when both got eight A+, two As for 10 subjects taken," he said.


He said the achievements of urban and rural students was better compared to the previous year as 5,942 urban students and 1,243 rural students did well in all subjects compared to 4,750 urban students and 989 rural students in 2008.


He said the divide between urban and rural students was narrowed in performance in core subjects like English, Science and Moral Education.


Alimuddin said however efforts to reduce the performance divide between urban and rural students needed to be increased especially in Bahasa Melayu, History, Mathematics and Islamic Studies.


He said based on average school grades, 66 schools were in the Excellent category, 278 (Good), 1,654 (Satisfactory) and 143 (Potential) and this showed that the efforts of the ministry to enhance schools' performance was successfully implemented.


Alimuddin said the number of students who passed the Bahasa Melayu and English language papers in the SPM exam last year charted an increase compared to the previous year.


He said 364,046 students passed Bahasa Melayu in last year's exam compared to 347,443 in 2008 and 302,501 passed English compared to 282,471 the previous year.


He said the government was striving towards entrenching Bahasa Melayu and strengthening English so that the performance in both these subjects can be enhanced.


In JOHOR BAHARU, 1,010 candidates obtained excellent grades(A+, A and/or A-) in all subjects sat for including 29 who had A+ for all subjects sat for.


State education director Sufa'at Tumin said 39 schools had 100 per cent passes while the state average grade was 5.32.


"Overall, the Johor SPM results are something to be proud of. 42,370 candidates got the SPM certificate compared to 40,379 in the previous year," he said.


Sufa'at said 23,625 candidates passed all subjects taken and of that number 8,173 had at least a C grade in all subjects taken.


He said Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Infant Jesus Convent, Johor Baharu, student Tan Yen Ling, was the best student with 14A+s.


In ALOR SETAR, Kedah education director Shahidan Abd Rahman said the SPM results in the state showed an average grade of 5.560.


"Among schools that registered excellent results were SBPI Kubang Pasu, SMK Sultanah Asma, SM Sultan Abdul Halim, SMK Sultan Badlishah, SM Sains Pokok Sena, SM Sains Sultan Mohamad Jiwa, SMK Ibrahim, SMK Keat Hwa and SMK Agama Sik," he said in a media statement here on Thursday.


Shahidan said nine candidates got A+ in all subjects taken while 408 (1.33 per cent) had A+, A and A- in all subjects sat for.


In SEREMBAN, Deputy state education director Jamali Salam said 15 candidates had A+ in all subjects. They were among 590 candidates who were excellent students with A+, A and A- in all subjects taken.


"Felda schools showed good performance. There were four excellent students as opposed to none the previous year," he said.


In KUALA LUMPUR, 669 candidates had excellent grades of A+, A and A- with 21 having A+ in all subjects taken.


Kuala Lumpur education director Mohd Adenan Deraman said the results were good as 17,681 candidates earned the SPM certificate compared to 16,789 the previous year.


Four schools registered excellent results and they were Sekolah Menengah (SM) Alam Shah, Sekolah Menengah Sains Seri Puteri, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Aminuddin Baki and SM Sains Selangor.


In Penang, state education director Ibrahim Ahmad said 26 students had A+ while 717 had a combination of A+, A and A- in all subjects taken.


"The achievements of fully government aided schools is good and 17,373 candidates out of 20,042 or 87.71 per cent will receive the SPM certificate.


Ibrahim said 20 schools in the state registered 100 per cent passes and among them were SMK (P) St George, SMKA Al-Irshad, SMK Dato Onn, SMK Penang Free and SMK Bukit Jambul.


In KANGAR, state education director Mansor Lat said the results were better this time where 4,255 candidates out of 4,696 will get the SPM certificate.


Seven candidates got A+ in all subjects taken while seven schools registered 100 per cent passes compared to six last year.


In KUCHING, Sarawak state education director Dr Julaihi Bujang said Gladys Tan Yee Kim of SMK Green Road scored 10A+s to be the best student in the country.


He said 33,283 or 91.51 per cent of 36,371 candidates will receive the SPM certificate while Sekolah Menengah (SM) Sains Kuching and SM Sains Miri had 100 per cent passes.


He said 10 rural schools had good performances this time around and they were Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan (SMK) Tinggi Sarikei, SMK Kai Chung, SMK Kwong Hua, SMK Three Rivers, SMK Agama Sheikh Othman Abdul Wahab, SMK Teknik Matang, SMK Katibas, SMK Tong Hua, SMK Agama Sri Aman and SMK Matang Jaya.


In KUALA TERENGGANU, state education director Ariffin Embong said the results this time showed a better performance in all subjects compared to 2008.


Ariffin said the percentage of candidates who got all As in all subjects increased by 1.35 per cent (295 )candidates in 2008 to 1.59 per cent (355 candidates) in 2009.


Sekolah Menengah Sains Kuala Terengganu was declared the best school while Nor Aliza Mohamed of Sekolah Menengah Agama Sheikh Abdul Malik was the best student with 12A+.


In KOTA BAHARU, state education director Mohd Ghazali Abdul Rahman said 307 students had As in all subjects compared to 182 in 2008.


38,907 students sat for the SPM exam in Kelantan.


He said the passing percentage rose to 94.02 per cent compared to 93.71 per cent the previous year.


In KUANTAN, 312 candidates scored As in all subjects compared to 256 in 2008.


Pahang state education director Datuk Abdul Aziz Abdul Latiff said 21,595 candidates (93.05 per cent) passed all subjects taken compared to 21,434 in 2008.


In KOTA KINABALU, 94.39 per cent or 31,198 out of 33,262 candidates in Sabah passed but the result eroded from 94.85 per cent.


Deputy state education director Maimunah Suhaibul said 95 candidates obtained As for all subjects compared to 14 the previous year.


In MELAKA, Chief Minister Datuk Seri Mohd Ali Rustam said 309 students had As in all subjects compared to 259 in 2008.


"12 students had excellent A+ grades for all subjects. 19 schools had 100 per cent passes while 33 schools had passes between 90 and 99 per cent," he said after feting the 12 students.


In Ipoh, 718 students scored excellent results in all subjects and 15 had A+ in all subjects.


Perak state education director Mohd Radzi Jabar said 33,472 candidates will receive the SPM certificate compared to 32,867 candidates the previous year.

-- BERNAMA

SPM Waves : Facts U Should Know!

Facts about Waves

1. Waves transfer energy without transfering the matter.
2. Transverse wave's particles vibrate perpendicular to the wave direction.
3. Longitudinal wave's particles vibrate parallel to the wave direction.
4. The amplitude of a wave determines its energy. Higher amplitude has greater energy.
5. Damping of wave causes decrease in amplitude & energy.
6. Waves' wavefront is always pependicular to the direction of the waves.
7. Waves undergo all of these phenomena; reflection, refraction, diffraction & interference.
8. Water,light & electromagnetic waves are transverse waves.
9. Coherent waves have same frequency & in phase.
10. As the frequency of a wave increases its energy increases and its wavelength decreases.
11. Shorter waves with higher frequencies have shorter periods.

Facts about Light Wave

1. Light is a transverse wave
2. Light slows down, bends toward the normal and has a shorter wavelength when it enters a higher refractive index(n).
3. Medium with higher refractive index has higher optical density.
4. At the critical angle a light wave will be refracted to 90 degrees.
5. Blue light has more energy,a shorter wavelength and a higher frequency than red light (remember- ROYGBIV).
6. Monochromatic light has one color, frequency & wavelength.

Facts about water waves

1. Water waves moves faster at deeper region. This change in speed causes refraction of water waves.
2. Water waves has longer wavelength at deeper region.
3. Deeper region is less dense than shallow region.
4. Water waves bended towards normal as it moves from deeper to shallow region.
5. After diffraction, water waves amplitude decrease thus its energy decrease as well.However its speed, wavelength & frequency remain constant.

Facts about sound waves

1. Sound is a longitudinal waves.
2. Sound is produced through vibration, thus compressing & stretching the surrounding air molecules.
3. Louder sound has bigger amplitude.
4. Sound with high pitch has higher frequency.
5. The sound that we hear is known as 'audio sound' that has freuency between 20-20khz.
6. Those sound below 20hz is known as infrasound. While sound with frequency beyond 20khz is known as ultrasonic.
7. Sound require medium to travel. It travels fastest in solid> liquid> gas.
8. Sound can't be heard in vacuum
9. Therefore..Starwars' sound effect in outer space is a myth :)

Forces & Motion: Facts You Should Know!!

SPM Physics :FAST Facts You Should Know About Chapter 2 Form 4!!
Compiled by cikgufizik @ www.physics4spm.com

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FAST Facts about Speed & Velocity

1. Speed, distance [d], time, and energy (joules) are scalar quantities.
2. Speed is rate of change of distance, i.e = distance/time
3. The gradient of distance-time graph is a speed.
4. Velocity, displacement [s], momentum, force and acceleration are vectors.
5. Velocity is the rate of change of displacement, i.e = displacement / time
6. The gradient of the displacement-time graph is also the velocity.

FAST Facts about Forces & Acceleration

1. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.
2. The gradient of the velocity-time graph is also the acceleration.
3. Zero acceleration also means either the object is at rest or moving at constant velocity.
4. Weight (in newtons) is mass x gravitational acceleration (w = mg). Mass is not weight!
5. Unbalanced forces will produce acceleration, i.e object not in equilibrium
6. Constant velocity and zero velocity means the net force is zero and the forces are in equilibrium
7. The equilibrium forces is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the resultant vector.

FAST Facts about Momentum

1. Momentum is a product of mass & velocity.
2. Momentum is conserved in all collision systems.
3. Total momentum before collision = total momentum after collision
4. Rate of change of momentum over time is an impulsive force. ( mv-mu) /t
5. Change in momentum is an impulse (mv-mu)

FAST Facts about POWER & ENERGY

1. Energy is a work done.
2. Energy is a scalar qty.
3. Energy can't be created or destroyed by human.
4. Energy can only be transformed.
5. Total energy dring the transformation is constant. (Total initial energy = Total final energy)
6. Gravitational potential energy increases as height increases.
7. Kinetic energy changes only if velocity changes.
8. Eleastic potential energy of the spring increases as the extension or compression of the spring increase.
9. The units for power are [joules/sec] or Watt (W).
10. Power is the rate of work done
11. 1 watt is 1 joule of work being done in 1 second.

Form 4 Post mortem

Dear all..

Welcome to the month of February , the month with shortest no.of days but lots of public holidays :) [ Hari Wilayah (1st Feb) ,chinese new yr(14-15 Feb) & maulidur rasul (26 Feb)]. This is the month where teachers gonna be strugling to cope with their lesson plan as scheduled. By the way, i'm not gonna discuss about the lesson plan.

I will start my discussion with a simple question to all SPM candidates:

How many hours did u spend to revise form 4 chapters in a week ???

If your aswer is NO & have done nothing on form 4 so far, i think u need to reorganise your study plan. The purpose i'm telling u this due to my students poor performance in their recent 'intervensi test' [.. valid for KL student only]

After having their results, most of them realised that they've forgotten most of the important physics facts in form4. I've been telling them so many times, if u dont have proper form4 revision plan.. u'll forget lots of things.

Ok some of them argued that their brilliant classmates dont need to revise them every week. Well i asked them back, ..Do u think they were telling u the truth??? Do u really know what these 'A' students are doin at home?? Anyway..ask your self again..Do your brain processor work as fast as their 'pentium dual core processor'??? If the answer is NO, then u better slap your face NOW, before its too late!

For this reason i'm asking for those who hardly pass their physics to at least consistently revise form4 topics in a week. For me, if u spend only an hour for form4 topics in a week wont be enough.WHy??..coz u have 3 physics papers to answer in SPM. Each paper will test u any form4 chapters.

For example in paper 3 section B, u will be given an option to design only one form4 experiment.

Let say U might have learned more than 15 experiments in form4. Out of all these experiments only 1 will come out in the exam...so the probability is roughly about 1 out of 15. None of us know which one will come out..Each experiment requires u to memorise the diagram, list of apparatus, procedure..and so on. ..I'm only talking about physics paper3, tak campur other papers as well...

On top of that..u have at least another 8 subjects plus form 5 topics to deal with. Btw,I think its time for u to do a post mortem on all form 4 chapters!!!

Otherwise, if u dont prepare from now...

Do u think u can understand & memorise all of those form4 topics just 3 months before 'trial' or 'SPM'???