SPM Trial Paper 3 Analysis

Hi..everyone,

How do u guys feel at the moment?? Hope u are ready for this challenging week... especially about your final preparation on having physics after add maths paper. Just be calm & keep your concentration at highest level after u 've finished add maths paper.
Make sure u change your calculator angle mode from radian to degree mode. Otherwise your calculation on topics like refractive index,critical angle, resolving forces angle will be wrong. Dont forget to bring protractor, who knows this time they might ask u to draw triangle of forces in equilibrium with proper scaling.

Here i managed to list out some analysis on paper 3 section B based on recent states' trial papers. Hope this information will be useful.

Anyway i wish all of u Good Luck and all the best in your physics & other papers.

2010 Trial Paper 3, section B  analysis:

State	Experiment Form4	Experiment Form5
Selangor	Heat: mass affect amount of heat absorbed	Electricity: Length of wire affect resistance
Kedah	Light/lens: Thickness of lens affect focal length	Wave: Loudness of sound depends on distance
Kelantan	Light/refraction: Real depth affects apparent depth	Electricity: Thickness of wire affect resistance
Pahang	Light/lens: Thickness of lens affect focal length	Electromagnet: Induce current depends on speed of magnet
Melaka	Heat/Charle's law volume of gas dpends on temprature	Wave: Wavelength depends on depth
Terengganu	Pressure in liquid: density affect pressure	Electromagnet: Strenght of magnet depends on current
Wilayah	Pressure in liquid: depth affect pressure	Wave: Sound  interference
Perlis	Heat: mass affect rate of heat absorbed	Electricity: temperature affect resistance
Sabah	Heat: mass of water affects rate of  temperature change	Wave: Sound  interference
SBP	Archimedes: Buoyant force depends on weight of water displace	Wave: Sound  interference
MRSM	Boyles' law: Pressure dpends on volume of gas	Electricity: Length affect resistance

ps: i dint include trial analysis on the following states: S'wak, Penang, N9,Perak,..so may b those who frm these states can share with us your P3 trial sect B questions

SPM Physics: 2010 Hot Topics

Recently I received too many request for SPM 2010 tips.The truth is,for those want to get good results, u actually need to be strong in all chapters. However, i dont want to let u down, here i list out some of the HOT topics for this year. 


SPM 2010 TIPS:  Form4


Chap 1 - Measuring instrument,zero error,sensitivity,accuracy

Chap 2 - Linear graph,ticker tape, momentum,RESOLVING FORCES,
equilibrium forces,lift+gravity, conservation of energy, application of hooke's law

Chap 3 - Gas & atmospheric pressure,manometer+barometer),application of  archimedes, application of bernoulli 

Chap 4 - thermometer specs & calibration,specific heat capacity(application)latent heat graph,charles +pressure law

Chap 5 - Lenses (drawing & application:microscope), refraction + total internal reflection(drawing &  application),
plane mirror stuff, curved mirror drawing & application

SPM 2010 TIPS:  Form5

Chpt 1 :Undrstanding wave graph,( frequency,period,wavelength), resonance,Wave diffraction ( for water,sound & light)
Wave interference ( for water,sound & light)


Chpt 2:
Electric field,Serise parallel application,Ohms Law, Emf & Internal resistance,Factors affecting resistance


Chpt 3:
Electromagnet & Application(motor etc), catapult field+turning effect & application,
Induction & Application, (Lenz +Faradays law, generator & etc),transfromer & national grid

Chapt 4:
CRO, diode waveform+doping,Transistor circuit(amplifier+switch) 


Chapt 5:
Radioactive decay & its radiation properties,Radioisotope application, Half Life,  Fission, Fusion+Nuclear reactor


U are welcome to discuss other tips u've receicved in the comment section. However all topics can be asked in paper 1 . In other words u need to study almost all subtopics in order to get an A (;
..so all the best & Good luck!

Physics P3: To Gamble or Not??

Every year, student willl always ask me this question:
Sir, which experiment will come out for physics section B,paper 3?
To be frank,even if i know i wont tell u in this blog, otherwise some policeman will be questoning for me just after your spm :)

Nevertheless, i'm in a good mood today and willing to share some tips on which type of experiment always being asked in section B.
Today's tips are very usefull for form 4 students, coz u still have ample time to prepare for next year. But if u dont act now, just ask your senior how do they feel at the moment ;)

Some students said there are too many experiment to study. Yeah it is so true, thats why some students are gambling to study form 5 experiment only. There are pro & cons if u try to do this approach. The advantage is.. form 5 experiment is much lesser than form 4 experiment. Usually in SPM, chapter like Electricity, Electromagnet & Waves are the favorate to be asked in exam. But if u analyse past years paper, experiment on electromagnet has been asked for the past 2 years..so i would say this year, experiment on electricity & wave can be the favorate. But sometimes the unpredictable can happen..who knows Electronic or electromgnet experiment can be asked again this year ;)

There are some disadvantages if u are only relying on form 5 experiment. For  example in 2008, the experiment on form 5 is a bit difficult. Student hardly state its inference & hypothesis correctly. If u do the wrong hypothesis, u have the chance to loose all the 12 marks. I would say majority of students on that year chose to answer form 4 experiment. For me whether u want  to gamble on form5 experiment or not is very much dependent on your level of understanding on all the chapters.

Through my observation,what ever experiment came out last year, it wont be asked again this year.  So for form 4 experiment, u can close one eye on Hooke's law. Thats y if u notice, in the states trial paper, u hardly see any hooke's law's experiment  being asked. However u have more than 10 other  form4 's experiment to be studied. Out of these , only 1 will come out..to be frank,its hard to single out which one will be asked i SPM... all i can do is to guide my students.

Basically i would categorise two important type of experiment that need to be studied:
1. Experiment on physic's law..e.g gases law, etc
2. Experiment on physics' formula..e.g P=hpg ( came out in KL trial), 1/f =1/u+1/v (light)

As i said, in last year Hooke's law experiment came out,..while in 2008 experiment on pressure which based on formula  P=F/A had been asked.
NOW U SHOULD ASK YOURSELF..How many experiment on physic's law & physics formula do we have in physics syllabus? On top of that, how many have u covered???
If u type of last minute student..just attempt all paper 3 in the last trial..if u lucky enough, one of them will come out..but i dont guarantee it ok!
Now its time for u to do yor work..u dont expect  me to give all the tips right ???
Well ..i will consider giving u my prediction if u  buy me a cup of ice blended coffee bean, haha :))

My tuition session..they looked so serious rite ..well this is how A candidates behaved in my class ;)

For 2011 SPM candidate who is staying in Melawati, Wangsa Maju, Keramat,Ampang Or Hartamas neighborhood if u are looking for home tutor, do email me at  fizbro @ gmail dot com. Get the best physics tips from me as early as u can.

Insha Allah..(God Willing)

Dear all,
Sorry for not updating this blog & the chat box for quite some time. I just came back from Jakarta & Bandung .. visiting relatives as i dint get the chance to do it in last raya...

I'm glad to be back, coz i really look forward to know my student's performance in recent S'ngor & KL trial exam...
Some of them have got their results .. but the interesting part was most of them asked me almost the same questions..
One of the brilliant student asked me:
Sir, i 've got A- for  my exam..can i get A+?? I said..off course, u r gettin closer InshaAllah (an arabic word which means.. "If it is God's will")

Another student from different class asked me:
I managed to get B  for physics, can i get A??? I said ..yeah Insha Allah..be positive u still can make it

then another different student asked me sadly this question:
Sir, I only got C for my physics..is there any chance for me to get at least  A- in SPM???
This time i remain silent for a while...then i looked into his eyes with a smile & i said Insha Allah, u still have the chance to make it..


I dont simply reply to please them.. i said it so coz a previous student has done it and she has proven it.
Even if there is another student with grade D come to me, i will reply the same answer..Insha Allah

Let me share with u an email i received from a last year student...
Here's the email :

thanks SIR

From:	Varsheta Sellappah   Add to Contacts
To:	cikgufizbro@ymail.com Sat, March 13, 2010 11:37:21 PM

---

Hello sir...

I am last year SPM student....and have scored straight A's in my exam recently...
and what surprise is that i got A- for physic...

I would like to thank sir for all those contributions made through physic4spm webpage..It really benefits me a lot and it really boost an interest on me towards PHYSIC...

i get to discover this webpage somewhere in September...and all those motivation rise my grade from 6C to A now..

Thank You Sir...
May GOD bless you...!


From,
Varsheta Sellappah

i'm sharing this email hoping that after reading it u'll be motivated & keep on trying to get the best results for your SPM..
trust me..if u think positive, u can always do it..its like a 100m race..dont look back..keep looking forward, stay focus and do pray a lot.. Insha Allah u'll find your way..

[ps: do listen to this video clip..Insha Allah u'll feel better :) ]

Trial Exam

I'm taking this opportunity to wish a Good luck to all my students & those who are going to sit for their trial this week. I'm sure at the moment most of u, especially those in in Klang valley are very busy doing final preparation for your trial. I hope all of u can do well in your trial. My only advice, do sleep early a day before exam especially in SPM. Otherwise your energy is burning down, and u are growing more & more tired when u are burning the candle at both ends. Your body too need a good rest. This trial will be a good experience for u to feel the real pressure & try to overcome it when SPM is approaching.

For those who has finished your trial, its time to do the post mortem. analyse every mistake that u 've made. Identify whether it was a genuine or just a careless mistakes. Then try to improve on topics that need your serious attention.
This year SPM is interesting coz u'll be having physics just a day after add maths. Well, dont worry..just stay focus & keep your mind in positive mode. Do plenty of exercises..as my teacher always said...keep practise, practise & practise again.
Good Luck!

R u aiming for A+ ?

I wanna ask u a simple question..are u guys aiming for an A+ in physics???

What ever it is, u need to produce at least this kind of result..

Paper 1 = 45 marks ( wow! 5 mistakes only)

Paper2:
section A = 52 marks (loosing 8 marks only!!)
section B =16 marks ( loosing 4 marks only!!)
section C =15 marks
total mark for Paper 2  =83 marks out of 100

Paper3:
Section A: 25 marks
Section B: 10 marks
Total marks for paper 3: 35 marks out of 40 (loosing 5 marks only)

Overall marks : 163 /190  
..in percentage it's gonna be 86%....Ops! less than 90%!!! ..still not enough to get A+..
Usually last time with this kind of mark u may get an A1..threfore,I'm asking u again..
 are u DREAMING or AIMING for an A+???????????

 ..If u think positive..sure BOLEH punyer!!
  gud luck :)

Physical Quantity

Yesterday i gave set  of questions to my student as part of their trial preparation ..as  most of the KL & selangor students will b having trial in September..

One of the questions looked like this,

This is how the 1st question looks like:
1. Name the physics quantity that can be measured by the measuring instrument in the diagram?

What suprprises me almost 50% of the students did give the wrong answer and most of them wrote the answer as 'kilogram'...

I'm puzzled why they choose to answer it as 'kilogram'..don't they realized that 'kg' is its unit, not the 'physical quantitiy'. ..hmm and i start wondering all these while they take for granted the meaning of physical quantity.. 

. By right it's the easiest topic in chpter 1 form4. May be due to exam's pressure, they tend  to forget a very simple concept of a physical quantity.

If this kind of questions come out.. i hope all of u will not do the same mistake.

Basically physical quatity is a quantity that can be measured like length,time, tempreature etc. All of them have their own S.I units. So for that question, the answer should be 'mass' and not 'weight'.

By the way, as part of your SPM revision.. can u answer all of the following questions:

A) What is the physical quantity that represents the gradient of a..

1. displacement-time graph?

2. velocity - time graph?

3. force(F)-extension(x) graph for Hookes law?

4. Voltage (V)-current (I) graph for ohm's law?

5. Voltage (V)-current (I) graph in EMF experiment?

B) what is the physical quantity that represented by area under the graph of:

1. velocity -time graph?

2. force(F)-extension(x) graph?

Kalau nak tau jawapan tolong bukak buku :)..enjoy your revision

Salam 1 Ramadhan

Jadikanlah Ramadhan kali ini sebagai peluang  mengetuk pintu hati..

Suluhilah ia dengan ilmu & mukjizat Al Quran

Disertai usaha, doa & tawakkal

Mudahan tercapai kejayaan hakiki...

Salam Ramadhan Al Mubarakh untuk semua..

'Don't' do these stuff

Time is ticking faster..every weekend become the most precious day for SPM candidates to do extra revision. Soon..the blessing month of ramadhan will be coming..for muslim u'll be having extra time to study coz your breakfast & lunch time can be used to study instead of sleeping :)

Its time to do  both..i.e study hard & study smart. Talking about studying smart, i wrote this article last year. May be its good to refresh  about things to avoid while revising physics.

Here are some 10 tips on that u should'nt do while studying physics. :

1. DON'T simply memorize the physics' facts without understand the whole concept.

2. DON'T postpone to seek explaination on any concept that u do not understand. Go & seek your teacher's explaination during & after the class. Otherwise find a tutor or good friends that can help you to solve these problems.

3.DON'T simply revise without doing any exersice. U need to practise what u've read.

4.DON'T rely on just one reference book to study for your SPM. U should also refer to your text book, teachers' notes or other reliable sources through the net.

5. DON'T revise without knowing the objective or learning outcome of each subtopic. U must know what is the purpose of studying that particular sub-topic. Refer the learning outcome in your text book.

6. DON'T simply study without knowing how to relate each concept into its real life application. Please refer the application section for each subtopic.

7.DON'T simply look at the model answer without trying the questions.

8. DON'T say that u've completed revising physics's formulae,LAW & Principle until u've enabled to design their experiment.

9. DON'T study a subtopic without knowing how to relate it to other subtopics. For example while studying Pressure, u must relate certain concept about Pressure in what u've learned in chapter 2, i.e Forces & motion.

10. Finally..DON'T hate physics. If u hate it.. u are adding more pressure on yourself. Just enjoy studying it and try to fall in love with this lovely subject :)

For my form 4 students, if u apply all these tips from now on, inshaAllah u wont have much problem in your 2011 SPM.
Good luck & all the best!

Best wishes & regards,
Cikgufizik-physics4spm.com

 

SPM Physics:Radioactive decay

In radioactive decay, u must acknowledged that there 3 are type  of decay that we learned in SPM.
1. Alpha decay (He 4/2)
2. Beta decay (e 0/-1)
3. Gamma decay

For each decay, u must be able to define it & write the equation in order to balance the nuclide notation before & after reaction. The concept is simple, all u need is make sure that the total nucelon & proton number before the decay, must be equal to the one after the decay.
For further details on radioactive decay,u can check this out!




U should try some questions on this topic especially the one using the graph of nucleon number vs proton number. Enjoy your revision!

SPM Physics:Radioactive

I personally belived that this final chapter of form 5 is much easier than chapter 3. All u need is to do lots of reading plus some memorizing stuff. Ok, whats important in this chapter?

First of all make sure u know the structure of an atom & how to write its nuclide notation. Then u must be able to define the following:
Radioactivity?
Radioactivve decay?
Radioisotope?
Half life??..(ops not the one u played in the video game)
Do i need to provide the definition..well,i dont think so, coz its all in your book. Take it out and memorise them b4 your trial exam..

Next what's important??
If u understood the concept of radioactivity..there are 3 common type of radiation that we learned in SPM. They are alpha particle, beta particle& gamma ray. You must be able to identify which detector can be used to detect these radiation. Besides that, for each radiation, u need to memorise and differentiate their characteristic such as:
1. its nature,e.g alpha exist as helium nucleus with nuclide notation He4/2
2. penetrating power
3. ionising power
4. track pattern in cloud chamber.
5. effect of electric field
6. effect of magnetic field
Again i will not elaborate further coz its all in your book. If u dont read then u have a hard time to memorize them. However i 'm providing u with some useful videos from the net.. so u can get clearer picture about alpha, beta & gamma.



effect of electric field:


pattern produced in cloud chamber..

..to be continued

SPM tips: Learn how to Apply..

Learning application of each physics concept, principles or law is vital in order for u to do well in paper 2 section A,B &C. U should attempt at least 1 section B/C question every day..if u couldn afford to do it, at least do plenty of questions on sect A,B & C every week.

Some might asked ..what is actually a physics concept??
Pressure, impulsive force, momentum, total internal reflection are examples of physics concept that we learned in form4. Basically in SPM, for each concept u had learned, u must at least be able to describe its application.
For example..lets recall about total internal reflection..

In order for total internal reflection to occur, there are conditions need to be obeyed:
1. Light must travel from an optically dense medium to a less dense medium ( e.g from glass to air) 
2. incident angle (i) > critical angle (c)





Once u fully understood the whole concepts..its time to know where u should apply it. For this one, we can apply it in fibre optics. Thus its a must for u to describe how fibre optics work  based on total internal reflection concept. This video lecture might help u to understand it better..



If u wanna know more detail about fibre optics, u should watch this!

Are u studying last minute??

According to Charles Law,under constant volume when the temperature of the gas increase..its PRESSURE increases as well. The higher the temperature, the higher the pressure.

Yeah the hypothesis is so true epecially when we 're moving towards August 2010...The temperature is rising, day by day..& most of the form5 students are started to feel the heat. To make it worst..the PRESSURE is mounting as high as mount Everest . One of my student said.."Sir, i rasa nak muntah everytime nak revise..so many things to cover.sejarah lah..add maths, chem,bio..not to mention physics..
I answered him.."well thats the price for studying last minute :) " So if u are a form4 who accidentally reads this post...i hope u'll make a better preparation for 2011.

So  the big question mark now is how to study last minute???  Is it possible to get good marks??
For me its very subjective, it depends very much on how u handle the mounting pressure. I even had a student who fainted after knowing a BAD trial results..coz if u did it badly in trial, u have about a month to recover. It sounds so frightening right ;) but some of u couldnt be bothered coz at the moment they have this 'tak apa' attitude.


Let's imagine that u are watching a football match. There's only 5 minutes left before referee blow the final whistle. Suddenly u can see players of both team are so energetic. They start to work as a team.. chasing and passing the ball accurately. They are very focused & determined to get the winning goal. Finally the ball touches one of the net in a dying moment and a group of players chasing the goal scorer. Meanwhile the other team lie down on a grass with despair. It all happened in a very last minute of the game..

anyway ..Is it possible to 'score' if we study last minute??

If u analyse the football match.. One team managed to do it and the other one has failed.The same results goes to  last minute study.
So if u are doing last minute revision, make sure u stay focus & keep your mind in a positive mode.
Having study group also will help..as in a football match, u'll work better if u help each other. In football the coach helps them to set things right and for u guidance from teacher/tutor will be helpful..but its all rely on how good u are in handling the situation. The main principle for effective last minute study is to leave everything behind and set your study as your only priority. You can leave your problems with your friends, family and even forget about you don't even have a time to 'FACEBOOK' and play PS2. In the end, if u think positive..u can definitely make it!
Here some interesting tips for those 'last minute' students

SPM Physics: Logic gates

Yesterday i teach one of my weakest student   logic gates concept. He is the type who has problem to understand physics concept properly. Somehow, when i showed him a concept of logic gates, he tends to be addicted doing logic gates exercises... This shows that he is actually good in logical thinking.

Logic gates is actually a very simple concept learned in Electronics. In fact i can say that it is one of the easiest subtopic provided if u are able to think 'LOGIC' :)
However u need to understand the following basic logic gates i.e NOT,AND,OR,NAND and NOR.
U must be able to construct the truth tables for those gates. Truth table helps us to undderstand the behavior of the logic gates. In other words, it shows how the input of a logic gates relate to its output.

Usually students a are a bit blurred on this topic coz they wondered what is actually  '1' or '0' means?
keep in mind most of computerised devices work on electrical flow where a HIGH voltage is considered as '1' and LOW voltage as '0'. Logically, it is sorts of a switching system which requires some inputs in order to produce an output.



In SPM, u need to practise lots ofpaper2 questions on application of logic gates. Usually the question can be tricky..so u must really understand the condition explained in the application.
When actually they apply this logic gate concept??

Well i can give u a simple example.. if u used to wash your clothes using washing machine..we can create a LOGIC input for the machine which looks like this:
to rotate the motor, we need to fill in the water untill to a certain level. Once the water rises to that level..the input will be '1'... but some how it still not rotated...kenapa ya? Ops, may be you lupa nak tutup the 'top cover'. Here where the logic gates play its role..the rotating motor represents the output  which depends on the input of the water level & the 'top cover' position. So it needs both input to be '1', then baru dia rotate..
Thus we can use AND gate in this application.

U can Watch this video to improve your basic understanding on logic gates

Transistor as Control Switch

Today i'm going to continue our discussion about light control switch by using transistor & LDR.

Before we go further, firstly u must understand the characteristic of LDR?
LDR is a type of resistor known as Light Dependent Resistor which is very sensitive towards light.
Important point about LDR that u MUST remember:
In a BRIGHT condition, its resistance DECREASE
In a DARK condition, its resistance INCREASE.

Now lets have a look at the circuit below, describe what happen at NIGHT???
At night,

• LDR's resistance increase much higher than the fixed resistor,
• A higher voltage is supplied across the LDR,
• This increases the flow of base current and switch ON the transistor,
• The bulb lights up

So what if we want to switch ON the bulb in the morning & close it at night?
Its simple, u just need to change the position between the LDR & the 10k fixed resistor.

The same concept applies in Heat Control switch, except instead of using LDR we use THERMISTOR.
Again, its important for u to memorise the chracteristic of a thermistor, i.e;
HIGH temperature - Resistance DECREASE
LOW temperature - Resistance INCREASE

SPM: Transistor

This topic is a bit tricky, coz in SPM we didnt learn the actual details about transistor working principle and u   need to memorise certain facts. In order to understand a transistor, firstly u must get  to know its structure & terminal. Transistor has 3 terminals, i.e a base, collector & emitter terminal. There are two type of transistor, please make sure u memorize the different between them.

The first type is called N-P-N:

The second type is P-N-P:
Main function of a transistor is to amplify small current.So its a must for u to explain how does a transistor amplify the current.




Transistor as Current Amplifier:
Transistor is a component which relies on the current that flows in its base terminal.
A small changes in base current (Ib) causes bigger change in collector current (Ic).


The analogy is simple, if u attend  morning assembly in school..usually the teacher was talking using a microphone. What actually causes the teacher's voice become louder?? Is it the microphone alone??
Actually..its the amplifier which has a transistor that did the job to amplify the voice.
Please make sure u refer your reference book on its circuit arrangement as well as its experiment.

Transistor as a switch:
This part is important in SPM..u must be able to understand and memorise its circuit arrangement.
To switch ON the transistor, we need to have:

• a higher resistance in the base-emitter circuit 
• this causes a bigger voltage dropped across the resistor in base-emitter circuit
• In the end there's enough current flowing thru the base terminal to switch ON the transistor

i'll discuss detail abt this soon.....to be continued 

SPM Physics: Semiconductor Diode

In SPM, u must be able to describe semiconductor diode. How to describe it??

• When p-type & n-type semiconductor is joined together, a semiconductor diode is produced.
• At p-n jucntion, a depletion layer is formed when the electron from the n-type fill in the hole in the p-type.
• Connecting p-type to the +ve terminal and n-type to the -ve terminal causing the electron in the n-type to be pulled and filled in the holes across the junction. This movementof electron allow current to flow, thus the diode is forward biased.  
• When the connection is reversed i.e p-type to -ve terminal & n-type to the +ve terminal, the diode is reverse biased. Electron is pulled away from crossing the jucntion, thus no current is flowing.
• This shows that diode allow current to flow in one direction only.

Then u must appreciate the function of diode as rectifier. What is rectifier???

Diode as rectifier can convert AC current into DC current.

The process of conveting AC to DC current is known as rectification. There are two type of rectification that u need to understand in SPM. For each case u must hafal the waveform and its circuit connection. Lets analyse both of them;

1. Half wave rectification (refer to your book, then watch this!)

2. Full wave rectification (refer to your book, then watch this!)



After knowing the different waveform produce for those rectifiers..u also need to draw the waveform appear due to capacitor smoothing effect. Make sure u refer them back in your reference book.

Finally Its SPAIN!

I' m glad the World cup is over..now  i can have enough sleep :).. What also delighted me is that one of my favorate team was crowned as the champion . The way they played simply outclassed the Dutch . All their players were so calm & confidence in passing the ball. These players deseved the trophy coz they have a winning mentality.

Now the world cup is over, and its time to look forwrd for your trial & SPM preparation. For me, if u wanna score A+ in any subject, u must formulate the same winning mentality as what the SPain team did. U must be strong mentally..and always learn from your mistakes. The Spain team was beaten in a group stage, but they came back like an iron steel to reclaim their place as a favorate to win the trophy. They learned their mistakes, and always looked forward to win. In the end, they won it with flying colors. So..if u wanna really achieve an excellent SPM results..u must have this kind of positive attitude.

As usual i've observed some physics stuff being discussed among the commentators through out this word cup.If u noticed, in earlier campaign, the commentator kept saying the ball in South Africa bounced a bit higher than other places. For your info, most of the the stadium in 2010 world cup is located at a higher altitude.Thus it is observed that the ball bounce higher than usual .
Hmm...can u explain why the ball bounce higher as the altitude increase???

SPM Physics: Semiconductor

Basically,this topic wont be too difficult if u took chemistry in SPM.
As usual, u need to understand the meaning of semi conductor..

Lets start with the word 'semi' &  'conductor'..do u really understand what is conductor???Do u have any idea the word 'semi' is?? If u dont, i m not gonna give u the answer..take out a dictionary & start searching on your own..dont be lazy to THINK!!

So what is semiconductor??
Hmm again..Should i give u the answer??.. may b not!. coz its all in the text book or any reference book! I'm sure your parents have spent some money to buy a reference book for u..so why dont u learnt to USE IT!! I can bet most of your reference book, or exercise book are still looked neat & tidy as if u just bought it yesterday. So i think its time to do some 'conteng-conteng' on those books.Learning physics will be easier if u are not the type who is too lazy to think and  to reason logically ..but if u are the lazy type,frankly speaking its hard for u to get even a 'B'.
I might sound a bit harsh ..However dont take it too personal, bukan apa just to wake u up from your 'ignorance' attitude... at the same time i m trying my best to guide u to learn physics effectively.

Alright, lets get back to this topic..
How to describe semiconductors in terms of resistance & free electrons???
Usually pure semiconductors or intrinsic semiconductors are made from silicon or germanium. It conducts electricity when it has more free electrons especially under high temperature. However at low temperature, semiconductor produce few free electrons which makes it hard to conduct electricty. Thus the semiconductor acts as an insulator, i.e it has higher resistance.



So in simple words , semiconductor is actually a substance with its resistivity is between a conductor and an insulator. However u must bear in mind that its conductivity is not as good as conductor. So the question is,how are we going to make it a better conductor??

The answer is by having a DOPING process....hmm..What is DOPING????
It is a process to increase the conductivity of a pure semiconductor by adding an impurities.
In the end extrinsic semicondutors are produced.

There are two type of doping:

1. P-type

• p type is made by adding trivalent atom such as Boron
• trivalent atom has 3 electron in outer shell, one less than silicon.
• an extra hole is provided and this holes act as majority charge carrier for p-type

2. then we have a n- type :

•  it is made by adding pentavalent atom such as phosphorus
• pentavalent atom has 5 electrons in outer shell & 4 of them used to make covalent bond with silicon
• an extra unused electron  act as free electron which is the majority charge carriers for n type.

Sembang bola, sembang fizik

Senario 1:
Datang seorang anak kecil, hazim berumur 4 tahun menyapa pakngahya, Zahid:
Angah-angah..agak-agak siapa yang layak masuk 'final' world cup ni... hazim nak sangat tgk argentina masuk smpai final..
"Oh! sebelum masuk final, kena ada semifinal dulu..hazim"..sapa Zahid

Hmm tapi kenapa mesti ada "semifinal"..nama pun "semi"..lepas tu ..final".."semi" tu apa pakngah???
Terkedu sekejap zahid dengar soalan tersebut..lalu dgn spontan dia menjawab;
"Ala...'semi' tu semi lah..dah memang nama dia "semi"..ish byk tanyalah budak ni..Dah! pergi tidur"

Begitulah pertanyaan yang diaju oleh adik hazim...hmm kdg2 tidak terlayan telatah kanak-kanak yg sgt berfikiran kritis ..hampir semua perkataan ingin diketahui maknanya...NAMUN... 

Senario 2:
Pada keesokkan harinya, dgn mata kuyu zahid pergi ke sekolah dan dimulai dengan kelas fizik. Datang cikgu Tiara sambil mengedar kertas nota untuk diamati semua pelajar.
Sesudah itu cikgu Tiara bersuara:
Ok murid-mmurid, hari ini kita nak sambung berkenaan topik semalam iaitu applikasi semikonduktor dalam 'diode'. Saya harap awak masih ingat perbincangan semalam.."Baiklah,sekarang..buka muka surat..."
..sebelum sempat cikgu Tiara sambung bicara, Zahid bangun sambil bertanya dengan gaya 'blur'nya"..

Cikgu kejap..."semikonduktor" tu apa cikgu???
Dgn  geram..cikgu Tiara menjawab;
Kan saya dah terang semalam..semikonduktor tu datang dari 2 perkataan.."semi + konduktor"
Zahid jadi bertambah 'blur'..tapi cikgu 'semi' tu apa???

Ya Allah!...'semi' tu 'semi' lah zahid,.. budak sekolah rendah pun faham..takkan itu pun awak tak tau.Awak terlebih tengok "semifinal" ke malam tadi ???

Terus zahid tunduk tersipu-sipu dengan sindiran tajam cikgu Tiara.."Aduh, kalau lah aku tengok kamus bila hazim tanya, mesti aku tak jadi macam orang 'BLUR' pagi ini"..

Timbul rasa malu malu  kerana Hazim sekecil itu mampu meneroka kapasiti otak sampai  timbul rasa faham secara 'natural'...tapi aku ???? begitulah rungut hati zahid terhadap sifat "malas nak ambil tahu" yang semakin membarah, walaupun 'SPM' makin dekat...
Sambil merenung jauh, Zahid memujuk hatinya,
"Aku yakin mesti ada jalan..cuma aku mesti kena cuba, dan cuba..dan cuba !